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Jayson, E. A.
- Human-elephant Conflict in the Southern Western Ghats : a Case Study from the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 10 (2008), Pagination: 1309-1325Abstract
Human-elephant conflict in Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent areas was studied based on observational methods during the year 1993 to 1996 as a part of project studying the large mammals in the sanctuary. Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, situated at an altitude ranging from 98 to 1594 m amsl in the southern Western Ghats, India has diverse habitats like tropical moist deciduous and evergreen forests and plantations. Elephants were located 73 times during the period of study and altogether 217 elephants were seen, the male to female ratio was 1 : 6 (N = 217). Mean herd size was 10 individuals per herd and maximum numbers was sighted in the moist deciduous forest followed by eucalypt plantation, swampy areas, semievergreen forest and evergreen forest. Plant species used as food by elephants was also recorded, when they were not involved in crop raiding. Major animals engaged in crop damage were wild boar and elephant. The animals involved in crop damage were mainly lone males, in the case of elephants and most of the raids were at night. It was observed that substantial amount of crop was damaged as compared to what was consumed by the animals. Coconut was mainly damaged by elephants and the damage was confined to the trees less than 20 years. Coconut trees less than 10 years were pushed down and the central rachis and shoots were consumed. Plantains were also attacked by elephants, the leaves were discarded and the central portion of the stem consumed. Elephant also destroyed paddy, rubber and pineapple by trampling. While damage by wild boar was recorded throughout the year, the attack from elephants was related to the species of crops cultivated. Besides crop damage instances, four human deaths were also recorded. Crop damage is linked to the cropping pattern and location of settlements and it is one of the problems, which severely affects the economic status of tribals.Keywords
Human-Elephant Conflict, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats,Kerala
- Socio-economic Status of Cultivators and their Interface with Wild Animals: a Case Study of Marayur forest Range, Kerala
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Indian Forester, Vol 130, No 5 (2004), Pagination: 513-520Abstract
Declaration of forests as Protected Areas, implementation of Wildlife Protection Act, denial tot restriction on natural resources to the depending people coupled with degradation/fragmentation of habitat lead to conflict between interests. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the villagers ofthe selected settlements in Marayur Forest Range for information on matters related to socio-economic status and wildlife conservation. About 10% ofthe households in each settlement were selected randomly. Most of the people (77.78%) have their own lands and the major source of income is cultivation. According to the respondents paddy, sugar cane, plantain and vegetables were the highly raided crops by wild animals. Gaur, Wlephant and Wild boar were held responsible by the respondents for most of the damages to crops. Gaurding combined with ordinary fencing was the protection method employed by majority of the cultivators in Marayur. The reasons for crop damage and compensation details were discussed.- Habitat Preference of Five Herbivores in the Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 10 (1999), Pagination: 975-985Abstract
Habitat Preference of Five Herbivores in Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary, Situated in the Western Ghats of South India, was Studied during the Years 1992 to 1995. Indian Porcupine (hystrix Indica), Blacknaped Hare (lepus Nigricollis), Asian Elephant (elephas Maximus), Sambar (cervus Unicolor) and Wild Boar (sus Scrofa) Showed Preference for Teak Plantations when Compared to Moist Deciduous and Evergreen forests. among the Herbivores Studied, only Porcupine and Sambar Showed Significant Difference in Habitat Use during Summer and Monsoon Season. Possible Reasons for the Difference in Habitat Use of Herbivores is Discussed.- Status and Distribution of Larger Mammals in Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary
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Indian Forester, Vol 123, No 10 (1997), Pagination: 939-947Abstract
Status of larger mammals in Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary was studied. during the years 1992 to 1995; mainly based on observational methods. Vegetation of the sanctuary is composed of tropical wet evergreen forests, tropical semi-evergreen forests, and South Indian moist deciduous forests. Twenty two species of larger mammals were recorded from the sanctuary. Rare and endangered species like Lion-tailed Macaque Macaea silenus (Linnaeus); Tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus) and Kerala Forest Terrapin Heosemys silvatica (Henderson) arc reported for the first time from this area. As the density of herbivores was very low it supported only a small carnivore community.- Man - Wildlife Conflict : Cattle Lifting and Human Casualties in Kerala
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Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 10 (1996), Pagination: 897-902Abstract
Information on man-wildlife conflicts in Kerala during the period 1983-93 were collected from the office records of the Divisional Forest Offices and by Visiting areas from where man-wildlife conflicts were reported. Cattle lifting was mainly due to Panther (Panthera pardus) Tiger (Panthera tigris) and Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus). Eighty nine cattle lifting cases were reported during the period. Thirty one human deaths and 64 injury cases were also reported, mostly due to Elephants. Out of the total compensation claimed for cattle lifting only 20% was disbursed and only 14% were disbursed for human casualties. Electric fences using energizers may solve the problem temporarily. Resettling of villagers from inside the forest areas is also advisable.- A Survey of Crop Damage by Wild Animals in Kerala
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Indian Forester, Vol 121, No 10 (1995), Pagination: 949-953Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the crop damage by wild animals in Kerala. The data were collected from the office record of the Divisional Forest Offices and by visiting the field. Major crops destroyed by wild animals in Kerala are paddy (Oryza sativa), coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), plantains (Musa sp.), arecanut (Aareca catechu), coffee (Coffea arabica), tea (Thea sinensis), rubber (Havea braziliensis), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), Pepper (Piper nigrum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), tapioca (Manihot utilissium), etc. Maximum crop damage was recorded from the Wynaad Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant (Elephas maximus), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Gaur (Bos gaurus), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata), Common Langur (Presbytis entellus) are the main animals involved in crop damage. Out of the total compensation claimed only 8.2% was disbursed by the Forest Department. It is found that high voltage electric fencing using energizer is very effective for stopping elephants from entering agricultural fields.- Evaluation of Line Transect Sampling Technique in Estimating Elephant Abundance in Forests Using Dung Survey
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur District 680 653 Kerala, IN
1 Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, IN
2 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur District 680 653 Kerala, IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 10 (2016), Pagination: 959-964Abstract
Line transect sampling technique is widely applied for estimating the biological population in forests. Recently, this technique has been in use for the estimation of elephant abundance using dung survey. The method of transforming dung count into elephant density requires dung density, which is corrected by defecation and decay rate. In this paper, the performance of the line transect sampling technique (LTS) in dung surveys with particular reference to variation in the number of detections of dung piles caused by annual rainfall variability was evaluated. The data set for this purpose was from the estimation of elephant population in the State of Kerala during the years 2005, 2007 and 2010, covering about 9000 km2. The study showed that the presence of dung piles and its detection probability were dependent on the level of rainfall in the two months preceding the date of dung survey. However, the LTS could provide comparable dung density estimates under the highly varying number of dung piles present in the area due to differences in the annual rainfall pattern.Keywords
Distance Sampling, Detection Probability, Elephant Density, Rainfall Variability.References
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- Mercey K.A., and Jayaraman K. (2004). Detection function models for indirect evidence of elephant and gaur. Indian Forester, 130(10): 12011203.
- Sivaram M., Ramachandran K.K., Nair P.V. and Jayson E.A., Population estimation of Wild Elephants in the Elephant Reserves of Kerala State2005, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, KFRI Extension Report, 2005, No.18, p.46.
- Sivaram M., Ramachandran K.K., Nair P.V. and Jayson E.A. (2007). Population estimation of Wild Elephants in the Elephant Reserves of Kerala State-2007, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, KFRI Extension Report, No.27, p.40.
- Sivaram M., Ramachandran K.K., Jayson E.A. and Nair P.V. (2010). Wild Elephant Census of Kerala State-2010, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, KFRI Extension Report, 2011, No.52, p.40.
- Thomas L., Laake J.L., Strinberg S., Marques F.F.C., Buckland S.T., Borchers D.L., Anderson D.R., Burnham K.P., Hedley S.L., Pollard J.H., Bishop J.R. and Marques T. A. (2006). Distance 5.0, Release 2, Research Unit for Wildlife population Assessment, University of St. Andrews, U.K.
- Turnock B.J. and Quinn II T.J. (1991). The effect of responsive movement on abundance estimation using line transect sampling. Biometrics, 47: 701-715.
- Varman K.S., Ramakrishnan U. and Sukumar R. (1995). Direct and indirect methods of counting elephants: A comparison of results from Mudumalai Sanctuary. In: A week with Elephants: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants (J.C. Daniel, J. C. and S.H. Datye eds),Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
- White G.C., Bartmann R.M., Carpenter L.M. and Garrot R.A. (1989). Evaluation of aerial line transects for estimating deer densities. J. Wild Manage, 53(3): 625-635.
- Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Damage by Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) and Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica) in Central Kerala, India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur 680 125, IN
2 Department of Wildlife, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
1 Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur 680 125, IN
2 Department of Wildlife, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 9-10Abstract
Crop damage by wild animals is a serious concern faced by marginal farmers in Kerala. As the farmers cultivate a variety of cash crops namely coconut (Cocos nucifera), arecanut (Areca catechu) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in the immediate fringe areas of the forest, damage and consumption of the fallen coconuts by wild pig (Sus scrofa) and Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) is a serious issue. Both the species are distributed in all the forest types in India and reported as frequent crop raiders in Kerala.Full Text
References
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- Estimation of economic loss and identifying the factors affecting the crop raiding behaviour of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in Nilambur part of the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India
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Authors
Riju P. Nair
1,
E. A. Jayson
2
Affiliations
1 Wildlife Biology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, India; University of Calicut, Thenhipalam 673 635, IN
2 Wildlife Biology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, IN
1 Wildlife Biology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, India; University of Calicut, Thenhipalam 673 635, IN
2 Wildlife Biology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 521-528Abstract
The crop damage by the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) on the livelihood of farmers is a major impediment to the conservation of the endangered mammals. The study was carried out in Malappuram district, Kerala, India from January 2013 to May 2016, to estimate the extent of crop damage by Asian elephants and to identify the factors affecting human–elephant conflict. To estimate the monetary loss, the method of running quadrats was employed. The major cash-crops destroyed by the Asian elephant were plantain (Musa paradisiaca), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), areca nut (Areca catechu) and coconut (Cocos nucifera). A potential loss of Rs 5,076,827 (US$ 72,948) per annum (Rs 2,217,363 (US$ 31,861) (other crops) + Rs 2859,464 (US$ 41,087) (rubber)) was estimated. Fifty per cent of the encounters occurred at early midnight. The presence of areca nut cultivation and distance to the Reserve Forest were identified as the two factors affecting crop raiding. The damage to rubber trees by feeding on the bark has also been reportedKeywords
Areca nut cultivation, Asian elephant, crop damage, potential loss, running quadrats.Full Text
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